Be independent is one of the top goal parents dream of their child to achieve. Parents always wonder why the child is not able to perform the task when they are not next to the child or when they are not telling the child what to do. Let me share some of the procedures and tips with you when you want to teach your child to wash hand independently.
Prerequisites skills
- • Be sure your child is able to perform each step.
- • If your child is not able to perform each step, you need to teach them individually. For example, get 1 pump of soap, rub palms with interlocking fingers.
- • Able to sustain attention for a short period of time.
- • Able to follow actions in pictures.
Preparation
- • Toys or snacks for reinforcements
- • Pictures for each step
- • A schedule board for parent to stick on all the steps in sequence
A way to teach – Follow picture schedule
1. Parents should be next to the child
- Place the sequenced pictures horizontally or vertically in front of the sink, same eye level of the child.
- Have the first step on the schedule, ask the child to do. If he is able to perform the action, reinforcement should be given.
- Repeat step 1b but put the first 2 step picture on the schedule.
- Keep adding in 1 new step onto the schedule at a time until the sequence is completed.
2. When the child has practiced the whole sequence, then it’s time to fade the parent’s supervision
- Parents could stand 1 foot away from the child and ask the child to wash hand.
- Parents could stand 3 foot away from the child and ask the child to wash hand.
- Parents could stand 1 meter away from the child and ask the child to wash hand.
- Parents could stand at the door from the child and ask the child to wash hand.
- Parents could stand right outside the toilet and ask the child to wash hand but the parent could peek from time to time while the child is washing hands.
- Parents could stand outside the toilet and ask the child to wash hand. This time the parent no need to peek and wait for the child to tell you he or she has finished washing hands.
Tips
- • According to the child’s functioning level, you could adjust whether your child need to use the picture schedule or just verbal instruction to instruct your child what to do.
- • If you decide to use verbal instruction to teach, you could also follow the procedures listed above.
- • Reinforcement should be given right after the target skills have performed.
- • When your child washes hands, he/she might not look at their hands. As long as the child is able to perform the action, NO need to expect your child to look at what they are doing.
- • If the child is capable of washing hand independently but not looking, then a separate attention program could be taught.
Information provided by:
Teri Mok, MA, BCBA (Autism Partnership Senior Case Supervisor) |
Ms. Teri Mok obtained her Master degree in Early Childhood Education in the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She is a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA). She joined Autism Partnership in 2002 and began working as a Program Specialist. She is experienced in working with children across different settings, including therapy session, small group training and ABA Classrooms. Moreover, she also helped conducting workshop for professionals in Mainland China and Hong Kong since 2013. Since 2014, Ms. Mok has been helping to set up an office in Manila, Philippine. She has been helping to design individualized programs, supervise cases, train local staffs, conduct school observation, provide parents and helpers training, and meet new families at AP Manila office. Currently, she is one of the leading Case Supervisor in our new established AP Beijing center. |
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[:zh]獨立是所有家長都希望孩子能實現的首要目標之一。家長們總有疑惑，當他們不在孩子身邊或沒有告訴孩子該做什麼的時候，孩子們都不能完成任務。在這和大家分享教導孩子獨立洗手時的一些步驟和技巧。
先決條件
- • 確保您的孩子能夠完成每一步。
- • 如果您的孩子不能完成每一步，您需要再分拆及單獨教導每一步。例如，拿一泵肥皂，交叉手指揉搓手掌。
- • 能夠在短時間內保持專注力。
- • 能夠跟隨圖片中的動作。
準備工作
- • 玩具或零食作為強化物。
- • 每一步驟的圖片。
- • 圖片步驟表- 給家長 將每一步驟的圖片順序地貼上。
其中一種教學方法 – 圖片步驟表
1. 家長需要陪伴在孩子旁邊
- 將順序排列的圖片水平或垂直地放在洗手盆前面，與孩子的眼睛成水平線。
- 把第一個步驟的圖片放在時間表上，讓孩子跟著做，如果他做到了，即時給予強化物。
- 重複步驟1b，但把第二個步驟的圖片加入到時間表上。
- 陸續在時間表上加上其餘的步驟圖片，直到完成所有步驟。
2. 當孩子完成練習整個洗手步驟後，開始淡出家長的監督
- 家長可以站在離孩子1步距離的地方，要求孩子洗手。
- 家長可以站在離孩子3步距離的地方，要求孩子洗手。
- 家長可以站在離孩子1米遠的地方，要求孩子洗手。
- 家長可以站在洗手間門邊，要求孩子洗手。
- 家長可以站在洗手間門外，讓孩子自己洗手，但家長可以不時偷看觀察情況。
- 家長可以站在洗手間外面，讓孩子自己洗手，這次家長不需要偷看，等著孩子完成及告訴您他已經洗好手了。
小技巧分享
- • 根據孩子的能力水平，家長可以調整您孩子是否需要使用此圖片步驟表，或只需以口頭指令來指導他要做什麼。
- • 如果家長選擇使用口頭教學，您也適合跟隨以上列出的步驟。
- • 必須在目標技能達成的時候立即給予強化物。
- • 當您的孩子洗手時，他們可能不會看自己的手。只要孩子能做到那個動作，就沒有必要強求孩子可以同時看著他們在做的事。
- • 如果孩子能夠獨立洗手但眼睛不會看，那麼這將是另一個要教導的專注力課程。
資訊提供:
莫渼琳, 文學碩士 國際認證行為分析師 (Autism Partnership 高級行為分析治療課程監督) |
莫渼琳小姐擁有香港中文大學幼兒教育碩士學位，亦是國際認證行為分析師(BCBA)。於2002年加入AP，現擔任高級行為分析治療課程監督。她擁有豐富教育經驗，包括個別治療、小組訓練及以ABA為基礎的教室。 此外，自2013年，於香港及中國內地協助舉辦專業工作坊。莫顧問亦自2014年開始，協助AP於馬尼拉成立辦事處，主要負責課程設計、個案監督、培訓當地治療師、舉行課堂觀察、提供家長及照顧者訓練，並於馬尼拉辦事處為新家庭提供咨詢。而現階段，她致力協助AP北京中心的成立及教師培訓、課程設計及監督等。 |
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